Primary Health Care professionals' knowledge about initial care for burn victims / Conocimiento de los profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud sobre la atención inicial al quemado / Conhecimento dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre o atendimento inicial ao queimado

ABSTRACT Objectives: to assess Primary Health Care physicians and nurses' knowledge about initial care for burn patients. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional survey of 71 professionals between February 19 and March 30, 2018. A validated questionnaire was used to assess knowledge through the correct answers obtained in the tool; Mann-Whitney test to compare professionals' level of knowledge; and logistic regression to investigate the association with other variables. Results: there was an overall wrong answer rate of 40.27% in a tool applied to the subject in relation to physicians and 45.59% of nurses, with no statistically significant difference among them (p=0.27). There was a positive association between level of knowledge and length of practice in Primary Health Care (p=0.043). 29.19% of physicians and 14.89% of nurses knew the Ministry of Health's flowchart for initial care for burn victims. Conclusions: professionals had a low level of knowledge associated with their time in Primary Health Care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: evaluar el conocimiento de médicos y enfermeros de la Atención Primaria de Salud sobre atención inicial al paciente quemado. Métodos: investigación descriptiva, transversal con 71 profesionales en el período entre 19 de febrero y 30 de marzo de 2018. Se utilizó un cuestionario validado para evaluar el conocimiento por medio de los aciertos obtenidos en el instrumento y la prueba de Mann-Whitney para comparar el nivel de conocimiento de los profesionales y regresión logística para investigar la asociación con las demás variables. Resultados: se observó índice general de errores en el instrumento aplicado sobre el tema del 40,27% en relación a los médicos y el 45,59% de los enfermeros, sin haber diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ellos (p=0,27). Se verificó asociación positiva entre nivel de conocimiento y tiempo de actuación en la Atención Primaria de Salud (p=0,043). El 29,19% de los médicos y el 14,89% de los enfermeros conocían el diagrama de flujo para atención inicial al quemado del Ministerio de Salud. Conclusiones: Los profesionales presentaron bajo nivel de conocimiento y éste se mostró asociado al tiempo de actuación en la Atención Primaria de Salud.

RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar o conhecimento de médicos e enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre atendimento inicial ao paciente queimado. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva, transversal com 71 profissionais, entre 19 de fevereiro e 30 de março de 2018. Utilizou-se questionário validado para avaliar o conhecimento por meio dos acertos obtidos no instrumento; teste de Mann-Whitney para comparar o nível de conhecimento dos profissionais; regressão logística para investigar a associação com as demais variáveis. Resultados: observou-se índice geral de erros no instrumento aplicado sobre o tema de 40,27% em relação aos médicos e 45,59% dos enfermeiros, sem haver diferença estatisticamente significante entre eles (p=0,27). Verificou-se associação positiva entre nível de conhecimento e tempo de atuação na Atenção Primária à Saúde (p=0,043). 29,19% dos médicos e 14,89% dos enfermeiros conheciam o fluxograma para atendimento inicial ao queimado do Ministério da Saúde. Conclusões: os profissionais apresentaram baixo nível de conhecimento associado ao tempo de atuação na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Sequelas de queimadura em face: enxerto cutâneo autólogo mama-face, uma opção de tratamento. Relato de caso / Sequels of burns in the face: autologous skin graft breast-face, a treatment option. Case report

Introdução: As queimaduras constituem uma das lesões traumáticas mais graves e seu tratamento requer uma abordagem multidisciplinar, em que o papel do cirurgião plástico é fundamental. Restabelecer a função de proteção da pele, mas também recuperar a estética da área, queimada são objetivos desafiadores que o cirurgião plástico procura atingir. Relato de Caso: Paciente feminino de 27 anos submetida a mastopexia com inclusão de implantes, em que se aproveitou a pele retirada da mama para realizar um enxerto de espessura total em região mandibular e submentoniana para tratamento de cicatriz. A paciente teve uma integração completa do enxerto, sem evidenciar-se áreas de epidermólise. Os resultados estéticos foram excelentes, conseguindo a satisfação da paciente e melhoria das áreas discrômicas e hipertróficas cicatriciais. Conclusão: O enxerto autólogo a partir da pele da mama constitui uma boa alternativa para o tratamento de sequelas de queimaduras em face, possibilitando ótimos resultados estéticos.

Introduction: Burns are one of the most severe traumatic injuries and their treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach, where the role of the plastic surgeon is vital. The plastic surgeon is entrusted with the challenging goal of restoring the skin's protective function and simultaneously recovering the aesthetic aspect of the burnt area. Case report: A 27-year-old woman underwent a mastopexy with inclusion of implants, where the skin removed from the breast was used as a full-thickness graft in the mandibular and submental area for the treatment of a scar. The patient showed complete integration of the graft, and no areas of epidermolysis were observed. The aesthetic results were excellent, and the patient was completely satisfied; moreover, an improvement in the dyschromic and hypertrophic cicatricial areas was observed. Conclusion: An autologous graft using breast skin is a good alternative for the treatment of sequelae of burns on the face and provides excellent aesthetic results.

Anestesia y manejo peri-operatorio del paciente quemado / Anesthesia and perioperative handling of burned patients / Anestesia e manejo perioperatório do paciente queimado

Introducción: Los pacientes quemados son un reto para el anestesiólogo, el cirujano plástico y el médico general, quien es el primer implicado en su atención. El manejo especializado y cuidadoso de los pacientes mejora su morbi- lidad y disminuye su mortalidad. Objetivo: El articulo revisa los retos que enfrenta el anestesiólogo en el paciente con quemaduras como la dificultad para el monitoreo, la vía aérea difícil, las grandes pérdidas sanguíneas, el manejo del dolor y el trabajo en equipo. Se hace una actualización de la literatura y se presenta la experiencia de la Unidad de quemados del Hospital Simón Bolívar de Bogotá. Método: Se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica no sistemática de la literatura actual en las bases de datos de Pubmed, Lilacs y Bireme y se consultaron las estadísticas del servicio de quemados del Hospital. Resultados: Se presentan los datos estadísticos de los últimos 20 años del servicio y se desarrolla el contenido de la revisión en varios apartes incluyendo fisiopatología, resucitación inicial, monitoreo, manejo intraoperatorio y manejo del dolor. Conclusión: El manejo anestésico y peri-operatorio del paciente quemado es un reto para el anestesiólogo, el cirujano y el médico tratante, requiriendo un conocimiento básico sobre la fisiopatología y el manejo inicial del paciente. Igualmente debemos tener las habilidades necesarias en el manejo de la vía aérea complicada y la hemorragia intra- operatoria. El manejo de estos pacientes en unidades especializadas mejora su mortalidad.

Introduction: Burned patients are a challenge for anesthe- siologists, plastic surgeon and general practitioner, who is the first involved in your care. The specialized and careful management of patients improves morbidity and mortality decreases. Objective: The article reviews the challenges facing the anesthesiologist in patients with burns as difficulty monitoring, difficult airway, large blood loss, pain management and teamwork. an update of the literature is made and the experience of the burn unit of Simon Bolivar Hospital in Bogota is presented. Method: It was a non-systematic literature search of current lite- rature in the databases PubMed, Lilacs and Bireme and service statistics burned Hospital was consulted. Results: The statistical data of the last 20 years of service are presented and the content of the review is carried out in several asides including pathophysiology, initial resus- citation, monitoring, intraoperative management and pain management. Conclusion: The anesthetic manage- ment and perioperative burn patient is a challenge for the anesthesiologist, surgeon and physician, requiring a basic understanding of the pathophysiology and initial mana- gement of the patient. We must also have the necessary skills in handling the difficult airway and intra-operative bleeding. The management of these patients in specia- lized units improves mortality.

Introdução: Os pacientes queimados são um grande desafio para o anestesista, o cirurgião plástico e o médico geral, primeiro em fazer o atendimento. O manejo especializado e cuidadoso dos pacientes melhora a morbilidade e diminui a mortalidade. Objetivo: O artigo faz uma revisão dos desafios que enfrenta o anestesista no atendimento do paciente com queimaduras, tais como a dificuldade para o controle, a difícil via aérea, as grandes perdas sanguíneas, alivio da dor e trabalho em equipe. Apresenta-se uma atualização na literatura a este respeito e se descreve a experiência da Unidade de Queimados do Hospital Simón Bolivar de Bogotá. Método: Realizou-se a busca bibliográfica da literatura atualizada nas seguintes bases de dados: Pubmed, Lilacs e Bireme, além disso foram consultadas as estadísticas do serviço de queimados do mencionado Hospital em Bogotá. Resultado: Apresentam-se dados estadísticos dos últimos vinte anos do serviço, como também a literatura incluindo fisiopatologia, ressuscitação inicial, monito-reio, manejo intraoperatório e alivio da dor. Conclusão: O manejo anestésico e perioperatório do paciente com queimaduras nas unidades especializadas é importante para diminuir mortalidade. A apresenta grandes desafios o manejo inicial do paciente para o anestesista, cirurgião e médico tratante, pois requer conhecimentos básicos da fisiopatologia e manejo inicial do paciente. Especial-mente cuidadoso deve ser o manejo da via aérea difícil e hemorragia intra operatória.

Use of sugammadex on burn patients: descriptive study / Uso de sugamadex no paciente queimado: estudo descritivo / Utilización del sugammadex en el paciente quemado: estudio descriptivo

A burn patient is a challenge for any anesthesiologist, undergoing several surgeries during admission, and requiring general anesthesia and muscle relaxation most of the times. The victim may have respiratory system impairment and a response to muscle relaxants that differs from the healthy patient, thus proper monitoring and reversal is crucial. We analyzed sugammadex effectiveness and safety in this population.

O paciente queimado representa um desafio para o anestesiologista, pois se submete a várias intervenções cirúrgicas durante sua hospitalização e necessita de anestesia geral e relaxamento muscular na maior parte delas. Apresenta sistema respiratório comprometido e uma resposta aos relaxantes musculares que difere do paciente sadio; portanto, um monitoramento correto e reversão tornam-se imprescindíveis. Avaliamos a eficácia e segurança do sugamadex nessa população.

El paciente quemado supone un reto para el anestesista, pues se somete a varias intervenciones quirúrgicas durante su ingreso, requiriendo anestesia general y relajación muscular en la mayor parte de ellas. Presentan un sistema respiratorio comprometido y una respuesta a los relajantes musculares que difiere de la del paciente sano, por lo que se hace imprescindible una correcta monitorización y reversión. Valoramos la efectividad y seguridad del sugammadex en esta población.

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of phosphoric acid solution compared to other root canal irrigants

Phosphoric acid has been suggested as an irrigant due to its effectiveness in removing the smear layer. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of a 37% phosphoric acid solution to other irrigants commonly used in endodontics. Material and Methods : The substances 37% phosphoric acid, 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid, 2% chlorhexidine (solution and gel), and 5.25% NaOCl were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity was tested against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Actinomyces meyeri, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella nigrescens according to the agar diffusion method. The cytotoxicity of the irrigants was determined by using the MTT assay. Results : Phosphoric acid presented higher antimicrobial activity compared to the other tested irrigants. With regard to the cell viability, this solution showed results similar to those with 5.25% NaOCl and 2% chlorhexidine (gel and solution), whereas 17% EDTA and 10% citric acid showed higher cell viability compared to other irrigants. Conclusion : Phosphoric acid demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity similar to that of 5.25% NaOCl and 2% chlorhexidine (gel and solution). .

Manejo inicial del niño quemado: lo que el médico general debe saber / Initial management of burned children

Las quemaduras en los niños son un problema frecuente de salud pública . Presentan mortalidad asociada y morbilidad tanto aguda como a largo plazo pudiendo ocasionar tanto secuelas funcionales como estéticas. Estas a su vez pueden provocar trastornos psicológicos, sociales-familiares y laborales. A pesar de las campañas preventivas, las quemaduras continúan siendo prevalentes durante la infancia. El conocimiento de esta patología desde el punto de vista fisiopatológico y diagnóstico adecuado (determinar el agente causal, la extensión y la profundidad), permite optimizar el manejo inicial del niño quemado. De esta manera al tratar de forma adecuada y oportuna se evita la profundización de las quemaduras, las infecciones y complicaciones, logrando una mejoría más temprana y con menos secuelas.

Pediatric burns are a relevant public health problem, not only because of its mortality rate but for the esthetic and functional sequelaes that cause psychological and social dysfunction. It remains a prevalent accident during childhood, despite prevention campaings. The knowledge of the physiopathology and its adecuate diagnosis (determining the causal agent, the extent and depth), leads to a good initial management of burned children, improving the prognosis, reducing mortality and morbidity minimizing sequelae in order to provide a normal upbringing.

Rat an experimental model for burns: A systematic review / Rato como modelo experimental de queimadura: Revisão sistemática

PURPOSE: To revise and systematize scientific knowledge of the experimental model for cutaneous burns in rats. METHODS: A bibliographical review from 2008 up to January 2011 in PubMed, EMBASE and LILACS was undertaken. Were used the keywords: animal models, burns and rats. 221 studies were identified, and 116 were selected. RESULTS: It was found that: 54/86 (62.7%) had third degree burns; 55/73 (75.3%) studied the back; 45/78 (57.6%) used heated water and 27/78 (35.9%) incandescent instruments; 39/78 (50%) studied systemic effects; 22/71 (31%) used ketamine associated with xylazine; 61/64 (95.3%) performed depilation with appropriate equipment; 36/72 (50%) used microscopy; more than 50% did not describe analgesia or antibiotics during the postoperative period; in 42/116 (36.2%) postoperative fluid therapy was performed; and the time interval after the burn, up to the beginning of the results analysis varied from 7s up to four weeks. Legislation issues on burn experiments are discussed. CONCLUSION: The hot water was the main method to induce burns those of third degree on the back, with anesthesia using ketamine and xylazine, after depilation. These were evaluated microscopically, without using analgesia or an antibiotic during the postoperative period. The studies were not very reproducible.

OBJETIVO: Revisar e sistematizar o conhecimento científico do modelo experimental em queimadura da pele em ratos. MÉTODOS: Revisão da literatura foi realizada de 2008 a Janeiro de 2011 na PubMed, EMBASE e LILACS. Os descritores usados foram: modelo animal, queimadura e ratos. 221 estudos foram identificados e 116 foram selecionados. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrado que: 54/86 (62,7%) tinham queimadura de terceiro grau; 55/73 (75,3%) estudaram o dorso; 45/78 (57.6%) usaram líquido aquecido e 27/78 (35,9%) usaram instrumento incandescente; 39/78 (50%) estudaram efeitos sistêmicos; 22/71 (31%) usaram ketamina associada a xilazina; 61/64 (95,3%) realizaram depilação com equipamento apropriado; 36/72 (50%) usaram microscopia; mais de 50% não descreveram uso de analgésicos ou antibióticos durante o período pós-operatório; em 42/116 (36,2%) foi realizada reposição hídrica pós-operatória; e o intervalo de tempo após a queimadura e a análise variou de 7s a quatro semanas. Aspectos legais sobre experimentos em queimaduras foram discutidos. CONCLUSÃO: Líquido aquecido foi o principal método para induzir queimadura de terceiro grau no dorso do animal, com anestesia usando quetamina e xilazina, após depilação, avaliados por microscopia, sem uso de analgesia ou antibióticos. Os estudos não são reprodutíveis.

Comparison of oxidative stress & leukocyte activation in patients with severe sepsis & burn injury.

Background & objectives: We evaluated pro- and anti-oxidant disturbances in sepsis and non-sepsis burn patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Adhesion molecules and inflammation markers on leukocytes were also analyzed. We hypothesized that oxidative stress and leukocyte activation markers can lead to the severity of sepsis. Methods: In 28 severe sepsis and 27 acute burn injury patients blood samples were collected at admission and 4 days consecutively. Oxidative stress markers: production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde and endogenous antioxidants: plasma protein sulphydryl groups, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase were measured. Flow cytometry was used to determine CD11a, CD14, CD18, CD49d and CD97 adhesion molecules on leukocytes. Procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, platelet count and lactate were also analyzed. Results: Pro-oxidant parameters were significantly elevated in sepsis patients at admission, ROS intensity increased in burn patients until the 5th day. Endogenous antioxidant levels except catalase showed increased levels after burn trauma compared to sepsis. Elevated granulocyte activation and suppressed lymphocyte function were found at admission and early activation of granulocytes caused by increasing activation/migration markers in sepsis. Leukocyte adhesion molecule expression confirmed the suppressed lymphocyte and monocyte function in sepsis. Interpretation & conclusions: Severe sepsis is accompanied by oxidative stress and pathological leukocyte endothelial cell interactions. The laboratory parameters used for the evaluation of sepsis and several markers of pro- and antioxidant status were different between sepsis and non-sepsis burn patients. The tendency of changes in these parameters may refer to major oxidative stress in sepsis and developing SIRS in burns.

Histofisiologia e classificação das queimaduras: consequencias locais e sistêmicas das perdas teciduais em pacientes queimados / Histophysiology and classification of burn: consequences of local systems and tissue loss in patients burnt

As queimaduras são lesões desencadeadas por agentes físicos, químicos, elétricos e térmicos que resultam em níveis variados de perda tecidual. O grau com que estas lesões danificam a pele depende de muitas variáveis, incluindo a duração e intensidade de contato com o agente agressor, a espessura da pele da região anatômica acometida, tamanho da área exposta, vascularização local e idade. Ainda, a perda tecidual é um dos fatores prognósticos destas lesões fornecendo clinicamente a base para a classificação destas lesões, o que faz com que a compreensão da histomorfologia da pele seja fundamental para o entendimento da fisiopatologia das queimaduras. O presente trabalho aborda os mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos nas queimaduras e os vários critérios de classificação destas lesões, buscando fornecer subsídios teóricos para tal compreensão através de uma revisão de literatura abordando a histofisiologia da pele.

Burns are injuries triggered by physical, chemical, electrical and thermal result in varying levels of tissue loss. The degree to which these lesions damage the skin depends on many variables, including duration and intensity of contact with the offending agent, the skin thickness of the anatomical region affected, the size of the exposed area, local vascularization and age. In addition, tissue loss is one of the prognostic factors of these lesions clinically providing the basis for the classification of these lesions and the understanding of the morphology of skin is essential to understanding the pathophysiology of burns. The present paper discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in burns and various criteria for classifying these lesions and to provide theoretical understanding for such a thorough review of literature dealing with histophysiology skin.

Abdominal compartment syndrome monitoring in major burn patients with Siriraj device catheter.

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is consistently reported to have significant morbidity and mortality. Major burn patients who receive massive fluid resuscitation are at high-risk for this condition. Close monitoring of ACS is necessary for these patients. Prolonged unrelieved intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) at greater than 20 mmHg can produce significant morbidity and mortality. The most widely accepted and feasible way to measure IAP is via the draining port of a standard urinary catheter Siriraj burn unit developed its own device from simple equipment that can be found easily in the hospital. It proved to be useful, cheap, and effective in monitoring intra-abdominal pressure. The present study described techniques of using this device for monitoring and early detection of ACS. Five major burn patients > or = 40% Total body surface area (TBSA) was measured by IAP measurement via foley catheter using the Siriraj device catheter compared to direct measurement via peritoneal catheter. There was no difference of IAP between the two methods (p = 0.48). This suggested that Siriraj device catheter was useful, not invasive, and effective in reflection of actually IAP Siriraj burn unit suggested IAP measurement in all major burns > or = 40% TBSA to early recognize and treat intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH) that can lead to ACS. Early detection of this syndrome might decrease the adverse effects after increasing abdominal pressure that can cause organ dysfunction.

Dolor en el trauma térmico / Pain in thermal trauma

La máxima agresión física que puede sufrir un ser humano son las quemaduras. Actualmente, en Chile se hospitalizan alrededor de 9.000 personas al año por quemaduras, con una tasa de mortalidad que ha ido en disminución en los últimos 20 años, por lo tanto la cantidad de pacientes sobrevivientes va en aumento. La IASP (Internacional Association for Study of Pain) definió el dolor en quemados como: "un dolor agudo y grave, que se produce al sufrir una quemadura y luego continuo con exacerbaciones que declinan gradualmente". El dolor en el trauma térmico está siempre presente, es de intensidad severa y prolongada en el tiempo, con una alta prevalencia de dolor crónico. Se sabe que el aumento en la intensidad se debe a que las quemaduras dañan gran cantidad de nociceptores, produciéndose una amplificación de la respuesta al dolor. Los opioides son el principal pilar en el tratamiento farmacológico. Es fundamental el buen manejo del dolor, para evitar el dolor patológico que aumentará el dolor crónico y con ello el desmedro de la vida personal de nuestros pacientes. Desafortunadamente el subtratamiento es una realidad, produciendo directamente un retraso en la recuperación de sus quemaduras y en la inserción social y laboral.

Burns are the greatest physical aggression that a human being can experience. In Chile, approximately 9000 patients are hospitalized annually due to burns, with a mortality rate that has decreased progressively in the last 20 years, which means that the amount of survivors is increasing. The IASP (International Association for Study of Pain) has defined pain in the burn patient as "an acute and severe pain produced by a burn that later continues with exacerbations that gradually decline". Pain in thermal trauna is always present, of severe intensity and prolonged in time, with a high prevalence of chronic pain. It is Known that the increase in intensity of pain is due to the damage of a great number of nociceptors, that produces an amplification of the response to pain. Opioids are the mainstay of pharmacologic treatment. Appropriate management of pain is fundamental to avoid pathologic pain that will increase the chronic pain and deteriorate the quality of life of our patients. Unfortunately undertreatment is a reality, retarding the healing of the burn wound, and the social and workplace reintegration.

The effects of age on monolayer culture of human keratinocytes for future use in skin engineering

Skin is the largest organ in human system and plays a vital role as a barrier against environment and pathogens. Skin regeneration is important in tissue engineering especially in cases of chronic wounds. With the tissue engineering technology, these skins equivalent have been use clinically to repair burns and wounds. Consented redundant skin samples were obtained from patients aged 9 to 65 years old. Skin samples were digested with dispase, thus separating the epidermis and the dermis layer. The epidermis layer was trypsinized and cultured in DKSFM in 6-well plate at 37 degrees C and 5% CO2. Once confluent, the culture were trypsinized and the cells were pooled. Cells were counted using haemacytometer. Doubling time and viability were calculated and analysed. From the result, we conclude that doubling time and viability of in vitro keratinocytes cultured in DKSFM media is not age dependant.

Characterization of collagen/chitosan films for skin regenerating scaffold

Various proportions of chitosan/collagen films (70/30% to 95/05%) w/w were prepared and evaluated for its suitability as skin regenerating scaffold. Interactions between chitosan and collagen were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Colorimetry (DSC). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of the blend. Mechanical properties were evaluated using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The chitosan/collagen films were found to swell proportionally with time until it reaches equilibrium. FTIR spectroscopy indicated no chemical interaction between the components of the blends. DSC data indicated only one peak proving that these two materials are compatible at all proportions investigated. SEM micrographs also indicated good homogeneity between these two materials.

The mast cell and trauma / 法医学杂志

Mast cell(MC) takes an important role in trauma and the process of wound healing, and the pathophysiology reaction has a relationship to the time since trauma, which is helpful to determine the post-trauma and postmortem interval, and to distinguish the wound shaped whether before or after death. In this paper, the role of MC and its chemic medium in the process of wound healing, scar shaping, postburns inflammatory response, healing of bone fracture, as well as the signification for forensic medicine and the progress of researching in this field were reviewed.

Actualización en anestesia para pacients quemados / Anesthetic management of burn injuries

En 1997 se inaugura en el Hospital Alemán de Buenos Aires, el CEPAQ (Centro de Excelencia para la atención del Quemaduras), viéndose incrmentado en forma franca nuestro caudal de anestesias en pacientes quemados. Objetivo: Actualizar conceptos y conductas para el manejo perioperatorio del paciente quemado. Actualmente contamos con anestésicos confiables y numerosas posibilidades de monitoreo, y comprenderemos con mayor detalle los cambios fisiopatológicosque dan lugar en este tipo de pacientes. Por lo tanto, podemos someter a nuestros enfermos a procedimientos anestésico-quirúrgicos con amplios márgenes de seguridad

Manejo anestésico en el paciente quemado / Anesthetic management of the burned patient

Se revisa el papel que juega el anestesiólogo en reducir la morbilidad, mortalidad y sufrimiento en el paciente quemado. El conocimiento de la fisiopatología del paciente quemado en un manejo lógico y sistemático de los pacientes conlleva a una disminución de la morbilidad y mortalidad asociada con los cuidados anestésicos y quirúrgicos. Cuando la integridad del órgano más grande del cuerpo, la piel, es dañada por la energía térmica ocurren cambios fisiológicos profundos. El tratamiento temprano apropiado es esencial para la supervivencia, lo cual también se relaciona con el tamaño del área quemada y la edad del paciente